Cognitive functions and neurotransmitters

Zehra Halilović-Begić, Senahid Begić, Lamija Velagić

Preserved cognitive function is the basis of the proper functioning of each individual, both in everyday life and daily obligations, and in solving complex tasks. The role of chemical substances - neurotransmitters, in the formation of adequate responses is indisputable. However, there are a number of factors that affect the imbalance in the concentration of neurotransmitters and processing of received information, the formation of thoughts and conclusions, the emotional and physical response to them. Neurotransmitters have been shown to play an important role in controlling cognitive functions by altering the action potential and impulse transmission along neurons on the postsynaptic membrane.

Although a large number of neurotransmitters and their functions have been discovered so far, acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, GABA and glutamate have been shown to play the most important role in the formation and control of cognitive function. Control of information reception and processing, memory, and concentration are highly dependent on the maintenance of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA levels, while learning motivation and attention depend largely on dopamine and glutamate levels.