Models of Financing Football Clubs in the Biggest European Leagues
Damir Dedović, Eldin Jelešković, Šemso Ormanović, Adi Kljaho, Alen Ćirić, Haris Alić, Munir Talović
SUMMARY
The football world is always related to numbers. Bigger numbers contribute to greater financial solvency and attract players, while players attract fans to stadiums and sponsors. A negative trend in modern football business is that expenses are often higher than revenues. However, some countries have clubs that have been successful for years, such as Germany, Portugal, Austria and England. Different financing and management models have contributed to this success.
The German model, known as the “50+1” rule, allows club members to retain majority voting rights, protecting clubs from complete control by outside investors. This system supports club stability, community involvement and stronger public trust through transparent operations.
In contrast, English football is based on a model in which clubs are predominantly privately owned. Financing relies heavily on private investors, television rights and loans. Portuguese clubs often depend on the transfer of young players as an important source of income. In France, with the exception of clubs such as PSG and Monaco, revenues are also strongly connected to player transfers and sponsorships.
The Italian league has faced challenges in attracting investors, which has created financial difficulties for many clubs. German clubs, supported by the “50+1” model, generally maintain stronger relationships with local communities and supporters. The cooperation between club members, fans and local businesses creates financial stability and contributes to the long-term development of football.
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